Figure3 shows a magnified image of human cadaver skin with microchannels formed by the microporation device (250kHz) and the skin closure over time. The cumulative permeation of FITC-dextran 10 K was 4.82 0.32 M, in the human skin and 5.92 0.46 M in the pig skin. The Transdermal diffusion cell system (DHC-6TD, LOGAN instrument, USA) was used to assess FITC-dextran permeability in vitro. Epub 2017 Jun 1. Here we have the hydrodynamic radius estimate for the 3kDa dextran and 1.5 kDa dextran by the Zetasizer calculator, thanks to Alan. Alan F Rawle, t At 25C both values of a and kM-H are within the range reported by [3, 8, 16]. Hydrodynamic 2015;23(3):2239. Physicochemical studies of oligodextran. Guner, Ali (1999). Just in case anyone wants to use a different molecular weight to estimate the hydrodynamic size: the calculator is integrated into the classic Zeta Garcia de la Torre, J.; Carrasco, B. Comparison of single-point and dilution procedures. CAS Careers. MeSH terms Although, intrinsic viscosity is a molecular parameter that can be interpreted in terms of molecular conformation, it does not offer as high resolution on molecular structure as other methods such as Light Scattering, Circular Dichroism, Sedimentation Velocity, Sedimentation Equilibrium, Size Exclusion Chromatography Coupled to Multi-Angle Laser Light Scattering (SEC-MALLS), High-performance Size Exclusion Chromatography (HPSEC), Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC), NMR, X-rays, etc. Advances in Carbohydrate Analysis, 1, 63-144. 2012 Sep 1;90(1):441-6. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.05.063. Accessibility Figure4 shows the histological analysis of micropores in human cadaver skin. The 70-kDa FITC dextran reached the jejunum after 15 min and passed the entire small intestine within 1 h after its administration, demonstrating that 4-kDa FITC Format), Citation-(EndNote
2018 Aug 9;23(8):1984. doi: 10.3390/molecules23081984. Soc., 16, 3A, 426-433. Hrabchak C, Flynn L, Woodhouse KA. On single point determination of intrinsic viscosity. Expert Rev Med Devices. It has been found that, when applied to water treatment, it can effectively act on refractory organic matter in wastewater through thermal decomposition and water molecular action to produce free The term f/f0 is sometimes denoted as P, Perrin constant. @ Nilimesh See attached. ACS Nano. 2003;10:33847. Disclaimer. The value of Mv is different from Mn, Mw, and Mz in a polydisperse polymer sample [38, 60, 61, 62]. Dextran; Weissella cibaria; exopolysaccharide; prebiotic; skimmed milk. Alternatively, the value of qM-H can be calculated using numerical methods and other-average molecular weights (Mn, Mw, Mz) according to where c and d are empirical polynomial functions of the exponent a. Dextran standards with sequence molecular weight from 8.8, 40, 71.9, 110, 200, 580 and 2000 kDa were utilized for the plot of calibration curve. 2. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted US20230040324A1 AMINOACRIDINE AND AMINOPYRENE DYES 8600 Rockville Pike Multiple Linear Least-Squares Fits with a Common Intercept: Determination of the Intrinsic Viscosity of Macromolecules in Solution. (2004). (2013). Furthermore, the influence of temperature on the intrinsic viscosity is given by the chain flexibility parameter (dln[]/dT), which gives information about the conformation of the macromolecule chain in solution [62]. dextran hydrodynamic radius Tirtaatmadja, V.; Dunstan, D. E.; Boger, D. V. (2001). Granath, K. A. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 41, 1260-1267. Carbohydrate Polymers 95 360-365. Thus, typically, the dextran glomerular for a molecule with a Stokes-Einstein (SE) radius of 30 is approximately sevenfold higher than that of neutral horseradish European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 68, 319-329. Journal of Polymer Science, 17, 527-546. The value of qM-H varies from one sample to another one, because it is a function of a and the average molecular weights (Mv, Mw). Ficoll and dextran vs. globular proteins as probes for testing Recent developments in polysaccharide-based materials used as adsorbents in wastewater treatment. Masuelli, Martin Alberto (2013). All possible degrees of curling can be displayed by any molecule, but there will be an average configuration which will depend on the solvent. (1999). WebDextran 670 GPC Standard Normative Mw - 670000 Da GPC standards can be used for calibration and molecular weight determination. Hydrodynamic radii were measured using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) in a Malvern Zetasizer NanoZS DLS (Malvern Instruments, Malvern, UK) at high scattering angle (173) to minimise the effects of dust and supramolecular contamination (NIBS, 173). Colloid and Polymer Science, 286, 1223-1231. This device can generate microchannels from the SC through to the outer dermis and allow transdermal delivery of active agents. J Cosmet Laser Ther. dextran hydrodynamic radius. and transmitted securely. Various average molecular weights (Mv, Mn, Mw, and Mz) instead of Mv were substituted in M-H equation. ; Prasad, D.H.L. Polyelectrolytes as secondary calibration standards for aqueous SEC. Beer, M.U. Changes in the Mark-Houwink hydrodynamic volume of chitosan molecules in solutions of different organic acids, at different temperatures and ionic strengths. The hydrodynamic radius of 2-NBDG glucose was too small to measure. This study demonstrated that hydrodynamic volume and radius of gyration of a dextran sample with M w < 20 kDa and its linear counterpart with equal M w are almost A lot of research has been devoted to dextrans modification in order to describe special characteristics relevant to specific applications such as surfactants [16], as visible marker [17], polysaccharides-based nanoparticles, covalent crosslinking [18], ionic crosslinking, polyelectrolyte complex, and the self-assembly of hydrophobically modified polysaccharides, and hydrophilic modified polysaccharides [19]. Biotechnology Progress, 19, 544-548. CAS Vemulapalli V, Bai Y, Kalluri H, Herwadkar A, Kim H, Davis SP, Friden PM, Banga AK. Pavlov, G.M. FOIA WebTry out PMC Labs and tell us what you think. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Ghimici, Luminita; Nichifor, Marieta; Wolf, Bernhard (2009). Markiertes Dextran wird hufig per Mikroinjektion in die Zellen eingebracht. Macromolecules, 31, 7712-7716. Recent Pat Drug Deliv Formul. Human cadaver skin has been confirmed as alive skin tissue through analysis of its morphology and enzymes, and its usefulness as an alternative skin membrane in drug permeation experiments has been verified [20]. Mark-Houwink values confirm that for these conditions dextrans behave as rigid spheres with a tendency at compaction as temperature increases. dextran hydrodynamic radius This conjecture found to be correct. Ahn, G.Y., Eo, HS., Kim, D. et al. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. Figure 2 shows the classical method for calculating Mark-Houwink parameters, where a linear relation between the intrinsic viscosity and the molecular weight is established for each temperature. Carbohydrate Polymers 99, 199-207. Dextran produced from Weissella cibaria JAG8 was purified and characterized. Microporation was performed 2 times on each sample. Eng. The measurements of the transepidermal water loss (TEWL) were taken using the Tewameter (Courage-Khazaka Electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany) to evaluate the skin barrier function after microporation. For simplicity, macromolecules are treated as rigid molecules for a hydrodynamic study. These studies were carried out at the Hisko (Gunpo, Korea). FITC-dextran solution (600L) was added to the donor chamber. The Hydrodynamic Radii of Macromolecules and Their Effect on Red Blood Cell Aggregation. A solvent at this temperature is called a theta solvent [53]. Ind. WebThe micelles produced at pH 4.6 have a spherical shape and their size is dependent on the Maillard reaction: reaction time, molar ratio of casein to dextran, and molecular weight of dextran used. The Mark-Houwink. Int. In addition, microporated pig skin permeated larger amounts of FITC-dextran than human skin, this can be attributed to the differences in structure between the human and pig skin; the pig skin layer is thinner (SC, 813m) than the human skin (SC, 1017m) and the pig hair follicle is longer (3871m) than the human hair follicle (18m). Microporation applications for enhancing drug delivery. Huggins equation [41] gives the relation to the relative viscosity increase (i). Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. In order to understand the behavior of this biopolymer in water and to support changes at the M-H parameters with temperature, the hydrodynamic parameters are analyzed (hydrodynamic radius, (RH); Simha number, ((a/b)); Perrin parameter (P); Flory parameter (0); and stiffness chain (dln[]/dT)). For ellipsoids, as studied by Simha, (a/b) is a function of axial ratio. dextran As intrinsic viscosity of dextrans decreases with an increase in solution temperature; chain flexibility enhances with an increase in temperature (see Table 4) showing that the intrinsic viscosity of dextran (with different molecular weights Mw from 8.8 to 200kDa) decreases linearly with an temperature increase in solution, but change to high molecular weight to hyperbranched macromolecule. 2012;101(8):28619. Search Levin G, Gershonowitz A, Sacks H, Stern M, Sherman A, Rudaev S, Zivin I, Phillip M. Transdermal delivery of human growth hormone through RF-microchannels. As a consequence of the diversity in their origin, the set of classical universal size independent quantities suffers from shortcomings. The great deviation at 2000kDa occurs due to the large hyperbranched structure of the macromolecule, generating a change in its conformation and, therefore, a change in the way it flows [73]. Biomater Res 24, 22 (2020). Degrees of long-chain branching in dextrans. The dextran has the advantage in terms of low cytotoxicity, excellent biocompatibility, and water-solubility. Dextran, Tetramethylrhodamine, 2,000,000 MW, Lysine WebThomas Gutberlet works at Jlich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS-2), Forsch and is well known for Lipoteichoic Acid, Neutron Reflectometry and Neutron Reflectivity. Cell permeabilization using a non-thermal plasma - IOPscience What is hydrodynamic radius Determination of the intrinsic viscosity has been the most used measurement in the last 60 years. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 72, 871-876. In vitro studies with human cadaver skin is a viable, ethical, and economical alternative for in vivo animal studies. Thus, it is a common practice to express the frictional coefficient of rigid structures as. Immediately after formation, the microchannels are filled with interstitial fluid, making them hydrophilic, and a suitable drug delivery system [15]. Journal of American Chemical Society, 76 (20), 5041-5052. 2017 Dec 12;27(1):73-78. doi: 10.1007/s10068-017-0274-0. The temperature increment can induce a macromolecule compaction (decreases in RH and []), generating by this way, a greater difficult to flowing due at requires an increase of energy consumption (Eavf<). These modifications include degradation of hemidesmosomes attached to the dermis, degradation of desmosomes linked to adjacent cells, contraction of intracellular tonofilament, and lamellipodia formation. Stokes radius eCollection 2015. Dextran Characterisation of insulin analogues therapeutically available to (2008). Kasaai, Mohammad R. (2007). Human cadaver skins (fresh human full-thickness skin disc, 12~20mm) were supplied by Biopredic International (Saint-Grgoire, France). In our present study, microporated skin permeated insufficient amount of 20K FITC-dextran, suggesting that enhancement of permeability was unsuccessful with macromolecules of more than 20KM.W.. ; Fran, H.P. The parameters of Mark-Houwink for polymers can vary with the polymer solution and temperature. 20K groups (n=3, *: p<0.05, **: p<0.01). J Control Release. Fractional thermolysis by bipolar radiofrequency facilitates cutaneous delivery of peptide and siRNA with minor loss of barrier function. Durand, A. FITC-dextran molecular weights; 4, 10, and 20kDa molecular weight were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). 2015;32(5):170413. dextran Webdextran hydrodynamic radius. Herwadkar A, Banga AK. High Manufacturing Standards of Molecular Probes Dextrans. WebThis value is sensible given that i j = 0 and that the search radius of the clustering algorithm is slightly larger than the average segment length of our Dextran model (b 5.5 nm). Regulating dynamic signaling between hematopoietic stem cells (1998). The optical image and histological analysis confirmed that the micropores on the skin were recovered over time. Drug Discov Today Technol. Global hydrodynamic analysis of the molecular flexibility of galactomannans. (2007). Carbohydrate Polymers 87, 405-410. The above data are not useful because it can not be compared with those obtained in this work. Prausnitz MR, Langer R. Transdermal drug delivery. J Pharm Sci. Carbohydrate Polymers, 38, 267-271. Transdermal drug delivery system for non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs: a review. The site is secure. Molecular weight (Mv) and hydrodynamic properties can be calculated from there. The Solomon-Ciuta single-point method is used for calculating dextran intrinsic viscosity and the error relative is calculated, and %RE respect to Huggins method is >4.18% for 2000kDa, and >2.06% for 8.8kDa (Table 2). The [] is connected to the dimensions of the biopolymer molecule isolated in a certain solvent. Ann Surg Oncol. Molecular weight, molecular weight distribution and molecular size of a native dextran. Kasaai, M. R.; Arul, J.; Charlet, G. (2000). Keratinocytes adjacent to the wound site induced by the microporation in the epidermis undergo a series of modifications that allow their proliferation and migration to the wound. Biophysical Journal, 87, 4259-4270. Experimental and numerical study on the mixed lubrication Carbohydrate Research, 340, 811-826. ; Weisz, J. TEWL values before and immediately after microporation on human cadaver skin according to the number of times microproration was done (n=3). Before Mark-Houwink-Kuhn-Sakurada Exponent at the Condition. Table 3 shows the intrinsic viscosity for the rest of the dextrans obtained by using the single-point method, measured at different temperatures. (2013). In fact, short chains do contain minor branching points. Stenekes, R.J.H. We believe that the microporation device can be used as a potential technique for effective transdermal drug delivery. Indo AM J Pharm. National Library of Medicine Sachdeva V, Banga AK. American Journal of Food Science and Technology 2013, 1(3), 60-66. The fast increasing of these polyglucosans for medical, industrial and research purposes motivated a survey of the types obtainable. Rheology of dextran solutions. Pamis, R.; Hernndez Cifre, J. G.; Lpez Martnez, M.C. Hennink, W.E. For a sphere and a random coil 0 the values are 9.23x1023 mol-1 and 2.60x 1023mol-1, respectively. (2007). Leiva, Angel; Muoz, Natalia; Urza, Marcela; Gargallo, Ligia; Radic, Deodato (2010). The column was eluted with bidestilled water a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min, injection 5L, back pressure 200psi. Curvale, R.; Masuelli, M.; Perez Padilla, A. Chem. (1937). The human and pig skin samples were placed in the receiver chamber of the Transdermal diffusion cell system with the SC facing up and the donor chamber was fixed in place. In the case of the work performed in references [34, 35, 36] they studied using the number average molecular weight, which rearranges the value of a and forces it to enter into unbranched or linear molecules, on the other hand, if molecular weights are used the value would be less than 0.5. Markierte Dextrane sind hydrophile Polysaccharide, die hufig in mikroskopischen Studien zur berwachung der Zellteilung, zum Verfolgen der Bewegung von lebenden Zellen und zur Untersuchung der hydrodynamischen Eigenschaften der zytoplasmatischen Matrix verwendet werden. 2023 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. Monosaccharide analysis revealed that the polysaccharide comprised only glucose units. Cytotoxicity studies on human cervical cancer (HeLa) cell line showed non-toxic and biocompatible nature of dextran. To confirm the extent of skin damage and regeneration after microporation, porations were performed 2, 5, and 10 times. Biophysical Journal, 27, 177-181. WebHydrodyamic Radius, R H: In addition to the analytic size of a linear (C=1) chain, the end to end distance, R eted or R 0, and the structural size, the radius or gyration, R g, dynamic measurements yield a size called the hydrodynamic radius, R H. Consider a rod particle of length L=10R where R is the radius. The qM-H values given by equation 13, these vary from 0.9993 to 0.9841 for the range between 8.8 to 200kDa in a temperature range of 20 to 40C. Pribush, A.; Zilberman-Kravits, D.; Meyerstein, N. (2007). Hi Sir Alexander Malm , Thank you very much! Really appreciate your help! An official website of the United States government. The value of P increases from 1.0272 to 1.2694 (spherical shape with tendency to spheroid for high Mw). Structural and biocompatibility properties of dextran from WebHydrodynamic radius = variable size of an analyte with specific MW based on dynamical properties. WebAmines per 70KDa dextran Theeffectofchargerepulsiononthe hydrodynamicradiuscanbeseenwithRh increaseswithchargedensity.Charge repulsioncausesthehydrodynamicradius toincrease.Withincreasingcharge,the dextranprogressivelyunfolded.Evena lowlevelofaminationcausesthepolymer tounfold. Harding, S. E., & Simpkin, N. J. ; Ross-Murphy, S.B. Hydrodynamic properties, such as the intrinsic viscosity, [], and equilibrium solution properties such as the hydrodynamic radius RH can be combined to construct dimensionless quantities that are universal since they are of being independent of the macromolecular particle size, while they depend more or less sensitively on its shape [51]. Gold MH, Biron JA. Progr. Gel permeation chromatography of dextrans in parenteral solutions: Calibration procedure development and method validation. The enhanced permeability through micropores was confirmed by Franz diffusion cell. These constants can be determined experimentally by measuring the intrinsic viscosity of several polymer samples for which the molecular weight has been determined by an independent method (i.e. Modelling the endothelial blood-CNS barriers: a method for the Transdermal drug delivery is an attractive alternative that addresses the limitations of oral and parenteral routes of drug administration; it enables controlled release and long-term systemic drug delivery through the skin, avoids hepatic first-pass effect, avoids gastrointestinal drug degradation, reduces discomfort and trauma resulting from hypodermic injections, and prevents safety hazards associated with dangerous medical waste from needles [1, 2]. Bohdanecky, Miloslav (1996). Mitragotri S. Mechanical disruption of skin barrier for vaccine delivery. The formula is verified for different systems of polymer-solvent and the values are in accord with those obtained by extrapolation. Dulbeccos Phosphate-Buffered Saline (DPBS) was purchased from Welgene (Gyeongsan, Korea). Fixable: Fixable via Lysine. Webof overall macromolecular geometry and hydrodynamic draining. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 23, 135-141. Hindered diffusion of dextran and ficoll in microporous membranes. Table 5 shows the data of Mark-Houwink parameters determined in figure 4 from linear regressions with 2 values higher than 0.9797. Intrinsic viscosities of polyelectrolytes in the absence and in the presence of extra salt: Consequences of the stepwise conversion of dextran into a polycation. Google Scholar. (1954). 2018;1:10915. The M-H equation is empirical and valid for monodisperse polymers, and it is applied to biomacromolecules (complex, hyperbranched, crosslink), taking the precaution of comparing the value of Mv with the polydispersity index (qM-H). The hydrodynamic radius (Rh) of individual samples of dextran, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and polyoxyethylene over a range of molecular weights (1,500 Castellanos Gil, E. E.; Iraizoz Colarte, A.; El Ghzaoui, A.; Durand, D.; Delarbre, J.L. Springer Nature. Drug Deliv Syst. The values of 0 decreases from 2.5429 to 2.3326 x 1023mol-1 demonstrating a relative flexibility of particles. ; Veldhuis, T.F.J. The values of Mark-Houwink parameters could be universalized with certain precautions, being an indication for the calculation of molecular weight in the temperature range of 20-40C. Structure Properties of Dextran. Typically, the hydrodynamic diameter of the micelles is about 100 nm and the critical micelle concentration is about 10 mg/L. Dynamic light scattering study confirmed the mono-disperse nature of dextran with hydrodynamic radius of 900 nm. Synthesis and characterization of blue dextrans. eCollection 2018 Feb. Molecules. Whiteside PJD, Chininis JA, Schellenberg MW, Qian C, Hunt HK. The molecular mass of dextran as determined by the gel filtration and copper bicinchoninate method was approximately, 800 kDa. For data requests, please contact the authors. The hydrodynamic radius R h, defined as the radius of a hard sphere that diffuses at the same rate as the solute, takes these effects into account. Its Invariancy with Respect to the Cross-Sectional Dimensions of Polymer Chains. Polysaccharides-based nanoparticles as drug delivery systems. Superior prebiotic and physicochemical properties of novel dextran from Weissella cibaria JAG8 for potential food applications. In addition, we evaluated the regeneration of SC after microporation. To improve drug permeability, micropore ablation using RF is performed by passing an alternating electrical current through the skin at a frequency higher than 100kHz. If there are particles in the sample, the incident laser light gets scattered in all directions. Molecular weight determination of polysaccharides. Hydrodynamic Synthesis of water-soluble and water-insoluble amphiphilic derivatives of dextran in organic medium. HSE and DK helped to porate the skin and to measure TEWL.