Reviewer: The movements would be used in bowling or swing your arms while walking. You will feel the movement originate there. Due to this abducting movement, the supraspinatus is commonly referred to as the suitcase muscle; i.e. It inserts onto the medial border of the scapula just superior to the rhomboid major. In that manner of speaking, this article will explain all the anatomical aspects of the muscles of the scapula, arm, forearm and hand. The muscle can be divided into three sets of fibers: upper, middle, and lower. The origin is the fixed attachment, while the insertion moves with contraction. In our cheat sheets, youll find the origin(s) and insertion(s) of every muscle. It has three heads: long, lateral, and medial. Identify the following muscles and give their origins, insertions, actions and innervations: Axial muscles of the head neck and back The skeletal muscles are divided into axial (muscles of the trunk and head) and appendicular (muscles of the arms and legs) categories. If you have ever been to a doctor who held up a finger and asked you to follow it up, down, and to both sides, he or she is checking to make sure your eye muscles are acting in a coordinated pattern. origin: cervical vertebrae There are numerous muscles in this compartment as well. The splenius muscles originate at the midline and run laterally and superiorly to their insertions. It runs down the posterior compartment of the forearm and inserts into the middle and distal phalanges of the 2nd to 5th digits. Have you triedour upper limb muscle anatomy revision chartyet? Suprahyoid muscles are superior to it, and the infrahyoid muscles are located inferiorly. The stylohyoid muscle moves the hyoid bone posteriorly, elevating the larynx, and the mylohyoid muscle lifts it and helps press the tongue to the top of the mouth. Remaining 0 Correct 0 Wrong 0 Press play! Origin: Origin: Ischial Tuberosity Sample Decks: Muscles Actions, Origins, and Insertions of the Pelvic Complex and Hip (week 5), The Structure of The Knee Joint (week 6), The Foot and Ankle (week 6) Show Class. It is also capable of weakly supinating and pronating the forearm. The insertion is usually distal,. Most skeletal muscles create movement by actions on the skeleton. action: elevates scapula, The posterior hamstring muscle group - 2. posterior muscles - gluteus maximus muscle (the largest muscle in the body) and the hamstrings group, which consists of the biceps femoris, semimembranosus, and semitendinosus muscles. The acronym for the rotator cuff is S.I.T.S. We strive for 100% accuracy, but nursing procedures and state laws are constantly changing. Origin: Flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) Insertion: Extensor hood on radial side (lateral bands) Function: Flex MCP joint and extend PIP joint Innervation. In our cheat sheets, you'll find the origin (s) and insertion (s) of every muscle. Conventionally, a muscle origin describes the attachment of a muscle on the more stable bone. However, the scapula is integral to the movement of the shoulder via the rotator cuffand additional muscles. It is innervated by the posterior interosseous branch. Muscles of the shoulder and upper limb can be divided into four groups: muscles that stabilize and position the pectoral girdle, muscles that move the arm, muscles that move the forearm, and muscles that move the wrists, hands, and fingers. This mnemonic recalls the four intrinsic muscles of the hand innervated by the median nerve, whereas all the other intrinsic muscles are ulnar nerve: F: flexor pollicis brevis. It is the primary lateral rotator of the shoulder, it also modulates deltoid movement. This results in a restricted range of motion. Due to these attachments, contraction and muscle shortening of the biceps flexes the forearm. Hypothenar eminence:It consists of the flexor digiti minimi brevis, the abductor digiti minimi brevis, and the opponens digiti minimi. The nerve supply to this muscle arises from the axillary nerve, a branch of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus. 2023 Agonists and antagonists are always functional opposites. The Cellular Level of Organization, Chapter 4. Take advantage of the following mnemonic to make your life a little easier! The lower subscapular nerve innervates the muscle and it is a branch of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus. Its action is elevation of the scapula as well as superior rotation of the scapula. By the end of this section, you will be able to: Identify the following muscles and give their origins, insertions, actions and innervations: The skeletal muscles are divided into axial (muscles of the trunk and head) and appendicular (muscles of the arms and legs) categories. The good news? Similar to the erector spinae muscles, the semispinalis muscles in this group are named for the areas of the body with which they are associated. Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle:This muscle is located in the intermediate layer and has two heads. Subscapularis muscle:This is another muscle of the rotator cuff, which is deep and arises from the large anterior subscapular fossa. origin: neck Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you All interossei are innervated by the deep branch of the ulnar nerve, which enters the palm through Guyons canal, a tunnel formed by the pisiform and hook of hamate. 3. Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus. The damaged nerve causes a weakened serratus anterior, leading to the scapula not being pulled down and in during circumduction. It acts as an abductor of the shoulder, and inserts onto the superior facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus. It is the chief medial rotator of the shoulder and modulates the movement of the deltoid. In addition, both muscles working together are the flexors of the head. Do Humans Have an Open or Closed Circulatory System? It inserts into the 5th proximal phalanx (pinky finger). For . Use the following mnemonic to remember the origins of the biceps brachii muscle. #shorts #anatomy. Muscles of the Upper Limb Pectoralis minor ORIGIN: anterior surface of ribs 3 - 5 ACTION INSERTION: coracoid process (scapula) Muscles Stabilizing Pectoral Girdle INNERVATION: pectoral nerves: protracts / depresses scapula (Anterior view) Serratus anterior ORIGIN: ribs 1 - 8 INSERTION: ACTION medial border of scapula stabilizes / depresses Get instant access to this gallery, plus: Introduction to the musculoskeletal system, Nerves, vessels and lymphatics of the abdomen, Nerves, vessels and lymphatics of the pelvis, Infratemporal region and pterygopalatine fossa, Meninges, ventricular system and subarachnoid space, Anterior, medical and posterior thigh muscles, Anterior, lateral and posterior leg muscles, Thenar, hypothenar and metacarpal muscles of the hand, Muscles of facial expression and mastication. It is innervated by spinal nerves C3-C4 and C5 via the posterior (dorsal) scapular nerve. The orbicularis oris is a circular muscle that moves the lips, and the orbicularis oculi is a circular muscle that closes the eye. The muscle then descends inferiorly to insert into the radial tuberosity of the radius as well as help create the bicipital aponeurosis, an expansion that inserts into the deep fascia of the forearm and onto the ulna. Each of these muscles has a name; for example, again, the biceps brachii and now the triceps brachii, responsible for both forearm flexion and forearm extension, respectively. There are a number of other joints in the region which all move in unison in order to generate a stable movement. Supraspinatus tears result in inability to initiate shoulder abduction. , My action is to bilaterally extend the head and neck and unilaterally laterally flex . A: abductor pollicis brevis. Pectoralis major muscle :This is a superficial, large, fan shaped muscle that makes up the bulk of the pectoral (chest) region. Origin: Clavicle, acromion process, spine of scapula Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus Action: Abducts arm; flexes, extends, medially, and laterally rotates arm. Short head originates from Coracoid process. The iliocostalis group includes the iliocostalis cervicis, the iliocostalis thoracis, and the iliocostalis lumborum. Human hands are quite special in their anatomy, which allows us to be so dexterous and relies on muscles of the upper limb to help move it through space. The genioglossus depresses the tongue and moves it anteriorly; the styloglossus lifts the tongue and retracts it; the palatoglossus elevates the back of the tongue; and the hyoglossus depresses and flattens it. It acts to draw the scapula lateral, forward, downward, and stabilizes the scapula. I feel like its a lifeline. Adjacent muscles which serve similar functions are often innervated by the same nerve. Molly Smith DipCNM, mBANT Kim Bengochea, Regis University, Denver. Insertion: greater trochanter on the back of the femur It causes extension of the IP joints, the MP joints, and wrist. For example, one could say the wrist is distal to the elbow. As a result it acts as a flexor, extensor, and abductor of the shoulder. The medial head is supplied by the ulnar nerve, and the lateral head by the anterior interosseous branch. Those in the same compartment will have the same action. Insertion: Medial proximal condyle of tibia Action: Extends thigh, flexes leg, Origin: Lateral condyle and proximal tibia Insertion: First metatarsal and first cuneiform Action: Dorsiflexes and inverts foot, Origin: Condyles of femur Insertion: Calcaneus by calcaneal tendon Action: Flexes leg, plantar flexes foot, Origin:Posterior, proximal tibia and fibula Insertion: Calcaneus by calcaneal tendon Action: Plantar flexes foot, Origin: Head and shaft of fibula, lateral condyle of tibia Insertion: First metatarsal, first cuneiform Action: Plantar flexes and everts foot, Origin: Lateral COndyle of tibia, shaft of fibula Insertion: Middle of distal phalanges of second through fifth digits Action: Extends toes, dorsiflexes foot, Origin: Inferior border of a rib Insertion: Superior border of rib below Action: Elevates ribs (increases volume in thorax), Origin: Inferior border of a rib Insertion: Superior border of rib below Action: Depresses ribs (decreases volume in thorax), Origin: Posterior occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, C7-T12 Insertion: Clavicle, Acromion process, and spine of scapula Action: Extends and abducts head, rotates and adducts scapula, fixes scapula, Origin: Spines of T2-5 Insertion: Lower one-third of vertebral border of scapula Action: retraction of scapula, Origin: Ligamentum nuchae, Spines C7-T1 Insertion: Vertebral border of scapula at scapular spine Action: retraction of scapula, Origin: Galea aponeurotica Insertion: Skin superior to orbit Action: Raises eyebrows, draws scalp anteriorly, Origin: Fascia of facial muscles near mouth Insertion: Skin of lips Action: Closes lips, Origin: Frontal and maxilla on medial margin of orbit Insertion: Skin of eyelid Action: Closes eyelid, Origin: Zygomatic arch Insertion: Angle and ramus of mandible Action: Closes mandible, Origin: Temporal fossa Insertion: coronoid process and ramus of mandible Action: Closes mandible, Origin: Sternum, clavicle Insertion: Mastoid process of temporal Action: Abducts, rotates, and flexes head, Origin: Ribs 1-8 Insertion: Vertebral border and inferior angle of scapula Action: Abducts scapula (moves scapula away from spinal column), Origin: Bottom of rib cage, Crest of pubis, symphysis pubis Insertion: xiphoid process, Origin: Ribs 5-12 Insertion: Linea alba, iliac crest, pubis Action: Compresses abdominal wall, laterally rotates trunk, Origin: Inguinal ligament, iliac crest Insertion: Linea alba, ribs 10-12 Action: Compresses abdominal wall, laterally rotates trunk, Origin: the inner surface of the 7th to 12th costal cartilages, the thoracolumbar fascia, the iliac crest horizontally, and the inguinal ligament Insertion: linea alba Action: support for the abdominal wall, directly on top of the sciatic nerve It is innervated by the deep branch of the radial nerve. When the whole muscle acts as a unit it acts as a medial rotator and adductor the arm at the shoulder. It inserts onto the coronoid process and tuberosity of the ulna. and grab your free ultimate anatomy study guide! It has numerous muscles and has a complex range of movements. 1. The muscle acts primarily as a supinator of the forearm, as well as a flexor of the elbow. The transversospinales muscles run from the transverse processes to the spinous processes of the vertebrae. Insertion: mastoid process of temporal bone, occipital bone. As the supraspinatus passes under the subacromial arch it is vulnerable to rupture from a bony spur. F lexor digitorum profundus muscle:It rises from the anterior proximal surface of the ulna and adjacent interosseous membrane and deep fascia of the forearm. The muscle arises from costals (ribs) 1 - 8, sometimes terminating origins at costal 9. The palatoglossus originates on the soft palate to elevate the back of the tongue, and the hyoglossus originates on the hyoid bone to move the tongue downward and flatten it. The origin is the attachment site that doesn't move during contraction, while the insertion is the attachment site that does move when the muscle contracts. It arises from the flexor retinaculum, scaphoid tubercle, and trapezium. Author: The long head arises from the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula and passes through the intertubercular sulcus in its own synovial sheath. This is where the rotator cuff muscles become inflamed and impinged as they pass through the subacromial space. Deltoid muscle:This muscle is named due to its Greek delta letter shape (triangular) appearance. The omohyoid muscle, which has superior and inferior bellies, depresses the hyoid bone in conjunction with the sternohyoid and thyrohyoid muscles. The opponens digiti minimi arises from the hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum. Action: Adducts thigh, Origin: iliac crest, anterior iliac surface Insertion: iliotibial band of fasciae latae Action: Flexes, abducts, and medially rotates thigh, Origin: Outer iliac blade, iliac crest, sacrum, coccyx Insertion: Gluteal tuberosity of femur, iliotibial band of fasciae latae Action: Extends and laterally rotates thigh, braces knee, Origin: Outer iliac blade Insertion: Greater trochanter of femur Action: Abducts and medially rotates thigh, Origin: Pubis, ischium Insertion: Gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, adductor tubercle of distal femur Action: Adducts, flexes, extends and laterally rotates thigh, Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine Insertion: Proximal, medial tibia Action: Flexes and laterally rotates thigh, flexes leg, Origin: Anterior inferior iliac spine, margin of acetabulum Insertion: Tibial tuberosity by patellar tendon Action: Flexes thigh, extends leg, Origin: Greater trochanter of femur, linea aspera of femur Insertion: Tibial tuberosity by patellar tendon Action: Extends Leg, Origin: Linea aspera, medial side Insertion: Tibial tuberosity by patellar tendon Action: Extends Leg, Origin: Proximal, anterior femur Insertion: Tibial tuberosity by patellar tendon Action: Extends Leg, Origin: (long head) Ischial tuberosity, (short head) linea aspera If the place is a bone that remains immobile for an action, the attachment is called an origin. Articulation Movement Overview & Types | How Muscular Contraction Causes Articulation, Semispinalis Capitis | Origin, Insertion & Action, Soft Tissue Injury Repair: Stages & Massage Therapy Support, SAT Subject Test Biology: Practice and Study Guide, UExcel Anatomy and Physiology II: Study Guide & Test Prep, UExcel Anatomy & Physiology: Study Guide & Test Prep, Praxis Biology and General Science: Practice and Study Guide, Praxis Biology: Content Knowledge (5236) Prep, Introduction to Biology: Certificate Program, Human Anatomy & Physiology: Help and Review, UExcel Microbiology: Study Guide & Test Prep, UExcel Basic Genetics: Study Guide & Test Prep, Introduction to Genetics: Certificate Program, Middle School Life Science: Help and Review, Holt McDougal Modern Biology: Online Textbook Help, Biology 101 Syllabus Resource & Lesson Plans, Create an account to start this course today. action: extend the neck ; retract and adduct scapulae, posterior Brachioradialis muscle:This muscle lies between the flexor and extensor compartments of the forearm. Some People Bang Like Monkeys. The same fracture that is palmarflexed is referred to as a Smith's fracture making the hand appear as it is coming inward and downward. This system reflects the bones of the skeleton system, which are also arranged in this manner. It consists mainly of type 2a fibers and provides power and endurance to elbow extension. It acts as an adductor (to add to the body), assists in extension and medial rotation, as well as stabilization of the scapula. Gross Anatomy I. The muscle causes flexion of the wrist, and radial deviation when it acts with extensor carpi radialis. flashcard sets. It is caused by proximal interphalangeal joint flexion, and distal interphalangeal joint extension. This compartment is posterior in anatomical position. The lateral head arises from the posterior surface of the humerus, above the radial groove of the humerus. A. Muscles of the Head and Neck. Pick a muscle and look up its origin, insertion, and action. It acts to extend the wrist, fixes writs during clenching fist, and when it acts with flexor carpi ulnaris it contributes to ulnar deviation of the wrist. It also causes contributes to flexion of the proximal IP, MP, and wrist joints, although these are its secondary function. The medial head arises from the posterior surface of the humerus below the radial groove. Both of these muscles are innervated by the anterior interosseous branch. A FOSH may fracture the bone. The shoulder is most unstable in extension and external rotation. The intrinsic muscles of the hand contain the origin and insertions within the carpal and metacarpal bones. The Lymphatic and Immune System, Chapter 26. The head is balanced, moved and rotated by the neck muscles (Table 11.5). Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. What are you waiting for? Dimitrios Mytilinaios MD, PhD View Origin and Insertion points as a layer map Origin and Insertion points are available as a layer of the Skeletal System, which show a map of all attachment points across the full skeleton. It is innervated by the C3 & C4 and the accessory nerve (cranial nerve 11 = CN11). Action: Actions Alone(unilateral), lateral flexion of vertebral column; Together (bilateral), depression of thoracic rib cage, any of the three pairs of muscles on each side of the neck that are involved in moving the neck, and in breathing Hip Muscles | Anatomy, Support & Movement, Pectoralis Major Action, Function, Insertion & Origin, Erector Spinae Action, Origin & Insertion | Iliocostalis, Longissimus & Spinalis, Teres Major Muscle Action, Origin & Insertion | Teres Major Location, Multifidus Muscle | Origin, Insertion & Action, Pectoralis Minor | Origin, Action & Insertion, Establishing Boundaries in Massage Therapy, Deltoid Muscle Action, Origin & Insertion | Deltoid Muscle Function. John has taught college science courses face-to-face and online since 1994 and has a doctorate in physiology. Place your fingers on both sides of the neck and turn your head to the left and to the right. An agonist, or as I said before, a prime mover, is the muscle that is primarily responsible for the movement described: forearm flexion. It inserts onto the crest of greater tubercle of the humerus. It is innervated by the medial and lateral pectoral nerves. These insert into the 2nd - 5th proximal phalanges. Take a look at the following two mnemonics! The erector spinae group forms the majority of the muscle mass of the back and it is the primary extensor of the vertebral column. It arises from the transverse processes of the superior four cervical vertebrae (C1-C4). It is best studied broken down into its components: regions, joints, muscles, nerves, and blood vessels. This article will discuss the anatomy of the serratus anterior muscle. It can be observed when a patient circumducts (circle movement) the affected upper limb. Sternocleidomastoid Muscle | Action, Origin, Insertion & Location, How to Perform a Visual Assessment in Massage Therapy. Copyright 1 / 24. Thenar eminence:It consists of three muscle: flexor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis brevis, and the opponens pollicis. It acts as an abductor of the shoulder, and inserts onto the superior facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus. Author: Latissimus dorsi muscle :This is a large, fan shaped superficial muscle which has a large area of origin. This expression of trauma makes the hand appear to be dorsiflexed. Like how the sartorious muscle is the only . They both arise from the medial epicondyle, with the radialis inserting onto the base of the 2nd and 3rd metacarpals, and the ulnaris into the pisiform, hook of hamate and base of the 5th metacarpal. The blood supply to the bone runs distal to proximal, as the nutrient branch of the radial artery enters at the distal pole, and runs proximally.